Nchịkọta

Na 2021, ụlọbatrị nchekwa ikeMbupu ga-eru 48GWh, mmụba nke afọ n'afọ nke ugboro 2.6.

Ebe China tụpụtara ebumnuche carbon abụọ na 2021, mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ ume ọhụrụ dị ka ikuku na ikuku.nchekwa anyanwụ na ike ọhụrụỤgbọ ala na-agbanwe kwa ụbọchị na-agafe.Dị ka ụzọ dị mkpa iji nweta ebumnuche carbon abụọ, ụlọnchekwa ikega-ewetakwa oge ọla edo nke amụma na mmepe ahịa.Na 2021, ekele maka ike arụnyere na mba ofesi na-arị eluike nchekwa ikeọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na amụma nlekọta nke ifufe ụlọ nanchekwa ike anyanwụ, nchekwa ike nke ụlọ ga-enweta uto mgbawa.

Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ siBatrị lithiumỤlọ ọrụ nyocha nke High-tech Industrial Research Institute, ụlọbatrị nchekwa ikeMbupu ga-eru 48GWh na 2021, mmụba nke afọ n'afọ nke ugboro 2.6;nke ikebatrị nchekwa ikeMbupu ga-abụ 29GWh, mmụba kwa afọ nke ugboro 4.39 ma e jiri ya tụnyere 6.6GWh na 2020.

N'otu oge ahụ, ndịnchekwa ikeụlọ ọrụ na-echekwa ọtụtụ nsogbu ihu n'ụzọ: na 2021, ọnụ ahịa elu nkebatrị lithiumagbagoro elu na ikike mmepụta batrị ejirila nke ọma, na-ebute mmụba nke ọnụ ahịa sistemu kama ịdaba;ulo na mba ofesinchekwa batrị lithium ikeụlọ ọrụ ọkụ na-agba ọkụ mgbe ụfọdụ ma gbawaa, nke dị mma enweghị ike ikpochapụ ihe mberede kpamkpam;ụdị azụmahịa ụlọ anaghị eto nke ọma, ụlọ ọrụ adịghị njikere itinye ego, na nchekwa ike bụ "oke arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ", na ihe omume nke akụ na-abaghị uru bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị;Oge nhazi oge nchekwa ike na-abụkarị awa 2, yana ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke nnukwu ike ikuku na grids ike anyanwụ jikọtara ya na 4 Achọ maka nchekwa ike ogologo oge karịa otu awa na-aghọwanye ngwa ngwa ...

Usoro n'ozuzu nke ngosipụta dịgasị iche iche nke teknụzụ nchekwa ike, oke nke ike arụnyere nke teknụzụ nchekwa ike na-abụghị lithium-ion na-atụ anya ịgbasa.

Tụnyere atumatu gara aga, “Atụmatụ mmejuputa iwu” edeela ọtụtụ ihe gbasara itinye ego na ngosipụta nke iche ichenchekwa iketeknụzụ, ma kwuo hoo haa na njikarịcha ụzọ teknụzụ dị iche iche dị ka batrị sodium-ion, batrị lead-carbon, batrị eruba, na nchekwa ike hydrogen (amonia).Nchọpụta imewe.Nke abuo, ụzọ teknuzu dị ka 100-megawatt mkpakọ ikuku ume nchekwa, 100-megawatt eruba batrị, sodium ion, siri ike-ala.batrị lithium-ion,na mmiri mmiri metal batrị bụ isi ntụziaka nke teknuzu akụrụngwa nnyocha nanchekwa ikeụlọ ọrụ n'oge atụmatụ afọ ise nke 14.

N'ozuzu, "Atụmatụ mmejuputa" na-akọwapụta ụkpụrụ mmepe nke ihe ngosi dị iche iche mana dị iche ichenchekwa ikeụzọ nkà na ụzụ, na nanị na-akọwa atụmatụ atụmatụ nke ibelata usoro ụgwọ site karịa 30% na 2025. Nke a n'ezie na-enye ikike ịhọrọ a kpọmkwem ụzọ ka ahịa Player, na ọdịnihu mmepe nke ike nchekwa ga-eri- na ahịa- achọ-gbakwasara.Enwere ike inwe ihe abụọ kpatara nguzobe nke iwu.

Nke mbụ, ọnụ ahịa na-arị elu nkebatrị lithiumna akụrụngwa ndị dị n'elu na enweghị ikike mmepụta na 2021 ekpughere ihe egwu dị n'ịtụkwasị obi n'otu ụzọ teknụzụ: ntọhapụ ngwa ngwa nke ọchịchọ ala maka ụgbọ ala ume ọhụrụ, ndị na-agba ụkwụ abụọ, na nchekwa ike ebutela ịrị elu akụrụngwa akụrụngwa. ọnụ ahịa na ike ọkọnọ.Ezughi oke, na-ebute nchekwa ike na ngwa ndị ọzọ na-agbadata "ike mmepụta ihe, ijide akụrụngwa".Nke abuo, ndụ n'ezie nke ngwaahịa batrị lithium anaghị adịte aka, nsogbu nke ọkụ na mgbawa bụ oge ụfọdụ, na ohere maka mbelata ọnụ ahịa na-esiri ike idozi n'oge dị mkpirikpi, nke na-emekwa ka ọ ghara inwe ike zuru ezu igbo mkpa nke ike niile. ngwa nchekwa.Site n'ịrụ usoro ike ọhụrụ, nchekwa ike ga-abụ akụrụngwa ike ọhụrụ dị mkpa, yana ike nchekwa ike zuru ụwa ọnụ nwere ike ịbanye n'oge TWh.Ọkwa ọkọnọ ugbu a nke batrị lithium enweghị ike imezu ihe achọrọnchekwa ikeakụrụngwa nke usoro ike ọhụrụ n'ọdịnihu.

Nke abụọ bụ nkwalite iterative na-aga n'ihu nke ụzọ teknụzụ ndị ọzọ, yana ọnọdụ teknụzụ maka ngosipụta injinia dị ugbu a.Were nchekwa ike mmiri na-asọpụta nke akọwapụtara na atụmatụ mmejuputa dị ka ọmụmaatụ.E jiri ya tụnyere batrị lithium-ion, batrị na-erugharị enweghị mgbanwe ọ bụla na usoro mmeghachi omume, enwere ike ịchaji ma wepụ ya, ma nwee ike iguzogide nchaji na ịchaji dị ugbu a.The kasị ama atụmatụ nke eruba batrị bụ na okirikiri ndụ bụ nnọọ ogologo, kacha nta nwere ike ịbụ 10,000 ugboro, na ụfọdụ teknuzu ụzọ pụrụ ọbụna iru ihe karịrị 20,000 ugboro, na n'ozuzu ọrụ ndụ nwere ike iru 20 afọ ma ọ bụ karịa, nke dị nnọọ ukwuu. adabara nnukwu-ikeume ọhụrụ.Ọnọdụ nchekwa ike.Kemgbe 2021, Datang Group, State Power Investment Corporation, China General Nuclear Power na otu ndị ọzọ na-emepụta ike ewepụtala atụmatụ maka iwu ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa ike batrị 100-megawatt.Akụkụ nke mbụ nkenchekwa ikekacha elu ịkpụ ntutuọdụ ikeoru ngo abanyela n'otu usoro nhazi nhazi nke otu modul, na-egosipụta na batrị na-asọpụta nwere ike ime nke teknụzụ ngosi 100-megawatt.

Site n'echiche ntozu oke teknụzụ,batrị lithium-ionka dị n'ihu karịa ndị ọzọọhụrụ ike nchekwan'ihe gbasara mmetụta ọnụ ọgụgụ na nkwado ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ya mere enwere ike dị elu na ha ka ga-abụ isi ihe ọhụrụnchekwa ikeechichi na-esote 5-10 afọ.Agbanyeghị, ọnụ ọgụgụ zuru oke na oke nke ụzọ nchekwa ike na-abụghị lithium-ion ka a na-atụ anya ịgbasa.Ụzọ teknụzụ ndị ọzọ, dị ka batrị sodium-ion, ikuku abịakọrọnchekwa ike, batrị ndu-carbon, na batrị ígwè-ikuku, na-atụ anya na ọ ga-abawanye na ego ntinye ego mbụ, ụgwọ kWh, nchekwa, wdg.batrị lithium-ion.

Na-elekwasị anya na ndapụta ngwa, a na-atụ anya na nchekwa nchekwa ike ụlọ ga-enweta ọganihu dị mma.

Dabere na oge nchekwa ike, enwere ike kewaa ihe ndapụta ngwa nchekwa ike na nchekwa nchekwa obere oge (<1 hour), nchekwa nchekwa na ogologo oge (awa 1-4), yana nchekwa ike ogologo oge (≥4). awa, na ụfọdụ mba ọzọ na-akọwa ≥8 awa) ) edemede atọ.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ngwa nchekwa ike nke ụlọ na-etinyekarị aka na nchekwa ike obere oge yana nchekwa nchekwa ọkụ na ọkara na ogologo oge.N'ihi ihe ndị dị ka ego ntinye ego, teknụzụ na ụdị azụmahịa, ahịa nchekwa ike ogologo oge ka nọ n'ọgbọ ịkụ ihe.

N'otu oge ahụ, mba ndị mepere emepe gụnyere United States na United Kingdom ewepụtala usoro enyemaka amụma na atụmatụ teknụzụ maka teknụzụ nchekwa ike ogologo oge, gụnyere "Energy Storage Grand Challenge Roadmap" nke United States Department of Energy nyere. , na atụmatụ nke Ngalaba Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy nke United Kingdom.Ikenye £68m iji kwado ọrụ ngosi nke ụzọ teknụzụ nchekwa nchekwa ike nke mba ahụ.Na mgbakwunye na ndị ọrụ gọọmentị, otu ndị na-abụghị ndị gọọmentị na mba ofesi na-arụsi ọrụ ike, dị ka kansụl nchekwa nchekwa ike ogologo oge.Ndị dike mba ụwa 25 nke ike, teknụzụ, na ọrụ ọha gụnyere Microsoft, BP, Siemens, wdg, malitere nzukọ a, ma na-agba mbọ ibuga 85TWh-140TWh nke nrụnye nchekwa ike ogologo oge n'ụwa niile site na 2040, yana itinye ego nke US $ 1.5. trillion ruo 3 trillion.Dollar

Ọkammụta Zhang Huamin nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Dahua Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences kwuru na mgbe 2030 gachara, n'ime usoro ike ụlọ ọhụrụ, a ga-abawanye oke nke ike mmeghari ohuru nke ejikọtara na grid, yana ọrụ nke njikwa ike grid kacha elu na iwu ugboro ugboro. a ga-ebufe na ọdụ ike nchekwa ike.Na ihu igwe mmiri ozuzo na-aga n'ihu, n'ihi mbelata dị ukwuu na ikike arụnyere nke ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ ọkụ, iji hụ na ọkụ dị mma ma kwụsie ike nke sistemu ike ọhụrụ, naanị awa 2-4 nke oge nchekwa ike enweghị ike gboo mkpa oriri ike nke a. ọha mmadụ efu-carbon ma ọlị, ọ na-ewekwa ogologo oge.Nkeọdụ ike nchekwa ikena-enye ike achọrọ site na ibu grid.

Nke a "atụmatụ mmejuputa iwu" na-etinyekwu ink iji mesie nyocha na ihe ngosi oru ngo nke teknụzụ nchekwa ike ogologo oge: "Mbawanye ngwa nke ụdị nchekwa nchekwa ike dị iche iche.Ejikọtara ya na ọnọdụ akụ nke mpaghara dị iche iche na ọchịchọ maka ụdị ike dị iche iche, na-akwalite nchekwa nchekwa ike ogologo oge, Ịrụ ọrụ nchekwa ike ọhụrụ dị ka nchekwa nchekwa hydrogen, okpomọkụ (oyi) nchekwa ume, wdg ga-akwalite mmepe ahụ. ụdị dị iche iche nke nchekwa ike., Iron-chromium eruba batrị, zinc-Australia eruba batrị na ndị ọzọ ulo oru ngwa", "Mmepụta ume ọhụrụ nke hydrogen nchekwa (amonia), hydrogen-electric njikọ na ndị ọzọ mgbagwoju ike nchekwa ngosi ngwa".A na-atụ anya na n'ime oge atụmatụ afọ ise nke 14, ọkwa mmepe nke nnukwu ikike nchekwa nchekwa ike ogologo oge dị ka hydrogen (amonia) nchekwa ike, na-asọba.batrịna elu abịakọrọ ikuku ga-ebili nke ukwuu.

Lekwasị anya n'ịlụso isi nsogbu na teknụzụ njikwa smart, na ntinye nke ozi na teknụzụ nkwukọrịta na ngwaike ga-abawanye ngwa ngwa, nke ga-erite uru na ụlọ ọrụ ọrụ ike zuru oke.

N'oge gara aga, omenala ike usoro ije bụ nke a ahụkarị yinye Ọdịdị, na ike ọkọnọ na ike ibu njikwa bụ ghọtara site centralized izipu.N'ime usoro ike ọhụrụ, ike ọhụrụ ike ike bụ isi mmepụta.Mmụba na-arịwanye elu n'akụkụ mmepụta na-eme ka ọ ghara ikwe omume ịchịkwa na ịkọ n'ụzọ ziri ezi na ọchịchọ, na mmetụta nke ike oriri na-akpata site na nnukwu mgbasa ozi nke ụgbọ ala ike ọhụrụ na nchekwa ike n'akụkụ ibu dị elu.Njirimara pụtara ìhè bụ na ejikọrọ sistemu grid ike na nnukwu isi mmalite ike ekesa yana mgbanwe ozugbo.N'okwu a, a ga-agbanwe echiche izipu nke etiti ọdịnala ka ọ bụrụ njikọ jikọtara ọnụ nke isi iyi, netwọkụ, ibu na nchekwa, yana ụdị mgbanwe mgbanwe.Iji ghọta mgbanwe ahụ, digitization, ihe ọmụma na ọgụgụ isi nke akụkụ niile nke ike na ike bụ isiokwu nkà na ụzụ na-enweghị ike izere.

Nchekwa ike bụ akụkụ nke akụrụngwa ume ọhụrụ n'ọdịnihu.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, njikọ nke ngwaike na ozi na teknụzụ nkwukọrịta na ngwanrọ ndị ọzọ bụ nke a ma ama: ọdụ ọkụ ndị dị ugbu a enweghị nyocha ihe egwu nchekwa ezughị oke na njikwa sistemụ njikwa batrị, nchọpụta dị ukwuu, mgbagha data, igbu oge data, na mfu data.Achọpụtara ọdịda data;otú n'ụzọ dị irè achikota mkpokọta na nkenye ọnọdụ management nke ọrụ-n'akụkụ ike nchekwa ibu ego, ikwe ọrụ nweta ọzọ uru site mebere ike osisi na-ekere òkè ọkụ eletrik ahịa azụmahịa;Teknụzụ ozi dijitalụ dị ka nnukwu data, blockchain, igwe igwe ojii, na akụ nchekwa ike Ogo nke njikọta dị ntakịrị, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nchekwa ike na njikọ ndị ọzọ na sistemụ ike adịghị ike, yana teknụzụ na ihe nlereanya maka nyocha data na Ngwuputa. uru agbakwunyere etobeghị.Site na ewu ewu na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nchekwa nchekwa ike na atụmatụ afọ ise nke 14, nhazi nke dijitalụ, mgbasa ozi na mkpa njikwa ọgụgụ isi nke sistemu nchekwa ike ga-eru ọkwa dị ngwa ngwa.

N'okwu a, "atụmatụ mmejuputa iwu" ekpebiela na a ga-ewere teknụzụ njikwa ọgụgụ isi nke nchekwa nchekwa ike dị ka otu n'ime ụzọ isi atọ maka imeri nsogbu isi nke teknụzụ isi nchekwa ike ọhụrụ na akụrụngwa n'oge 14th afọ Atụmatụ ise, nke kpomkwem na-agụnye "centralized tackling isi teknụzụ nke nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ ike nchekwa usoro ụyọkọ nwere ọgụgụ isi imekọ ihe ọnụ njikwa"., Na-eme nyocha na nchịkọta ọnụ nke usoro nchekwa nchekwa ike kesara, ma na-elekwasị anya n'ịgwọ nsogbu nchịkwa grid na-akpata site na oke nke ịnweta ume ọhụrụ.Ịtụkwasị obi na nnukwu data, igwe igwe ojii, ọgụgụ isi, blockchain na teknụzụ ndị ọzọ, na-arụ ọrụ nchekwa nchekwa nchekwa ọtụtụ, nyocha na teknụzụ ndị dị mkpa n'ọhịa nke nzaghachi ọchịchọ-akụkụ, osisi ike mebere, nchekwa ike ígwé ojii, na ahịa- azụmahịa dabere."The digitization, informatization na ọgụgụ isi nke ike nchekwa n'ọdịnihu ga-adabere na ntozu nke ike nchekwa ikike izipu technology na dị iche iche ubi.