Batrị lithium-ion ma ọ bụ batrị Li-ion (nke akpọrọ LIB) bụ ụdị batrị enwere ike ịchaji.A na-ejikarị batrị lithium-ion eme ihe maka ngwa eletrọnịkị na ụgbọ ala eletrik ma na-etolite na ewu ewu maka ngwa agha na ikuku.Akira Yoshino mepụtara ihe atụ Li-ion batrị na 1985, dabere na nyocha mbụ John Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, Rachid Yazami na Koichi Mizushima mere n'oge 1970s-1980, wee mepụta batrị Li-ion azụmahịa site n'aka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Sony na Asahi Kasei otu Yoshio Nishi duziri na 1991. N'afọ 2019, e nyere Yoshino, Goodenough, na Whittingham Nrite Nobel na Chemistry "maka mmepe nke batrị lithium ion".

N'ime batrị ndị ahụ, ion lithium na-esi na electrode na-adịghị mma na-esi na electrolyte na-aga na electrode dị mma n'oge a na-agbapụ, na azụ mgbe ọ na-akwụ ụgwọ.Batrị Li-ion na-eji ngwakọta lithium agbakọrọ ọnụ dị ka ihe dị na electrode dị mma yana graphite na electrode na-adịghị mma.Batrị ndị ahụ nwere ike dị elu, enweghị mmetụta nchekwa (na-abụghị mkpụrụ ndụ LFP) yana nkwụsị onwe ya dị ala.Otú ọ dị, ha nwere ike bụrụ ihe ize ndụ nchekwa ebe ọ bụ na ha nwere electrolytes na-ere ọkụ, ma ọ bụrụ na e mebiri ma ọ bụ ebubo na-ezighị ezi nwere ike ibute mgbawa na ọkụ.A manyere Samsung icheta ekwentị Galaxy Note 7 ka ọkụ lithium-ion gbara, enweela ọtụtụ ihe metụtara batrị na Boeing 787.

Chemistry, arụmọrụ, ọnụ ahịa na njirimara nchekwa dị iche iche n'ụdị LIB.Igwe eletrọnịkị ejiri aka na-ejikarị batrị lithium polymer (ya na polymer gel dị ka electrolyte) yana lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) dị ka ihe cathode, nke na-enye njupụta ume dị elu, mana na-enye ihe egwu nchekwa, ọkachasị mgbe mebiri emebi.Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4, Li2MnO3, ma ọ bụ LMO), na lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LiNiMnCoO2 ma ọ bụ NMC) na-enye njupụta ume dị ala mana ogologo ndụ yana obere ọkụ ma ọ bụ mgbawa.A na-eji batrị ndị dị otú ahụ eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe maka ngwa eletriki, akụrụngwa ahụike na ọrụ ndị ọzọ.A na-eji NMC na ihe nrụpụta ya na ụgbọ ala eletrik.

Ebe nyocha maka batrị lithium-ion gụnyere ịgbatị oge ndụ, ịba ụba njupụta ume, imezi nchekwa, ibelata ọnụ ahịa, yana ịbawanye ọsọ nchaji, n'etiti ndị ọzọ.A na-eme nyocha na mpaghara nke electrolytes na-adịghị ere ọkụ dị ka ụzọ maka nchebe dịwanye elu dabere na ire ọkụ na mgbanwe nke ihe ndị na-edozi ahụ nke a na-eji na-emekarị electrolyte.Atụmatụ gụnyere batrị lithium-ion aqueous, seramiiki siri ike electrolytes, polymer electrolytes, ionic liquids, na nnukwu fluorinated sistem.

Batrị megide cell

Cell bụ ihe bụ isi electrochemical unit nke nwere electrodes, separator, na electrolyte.

Ngwunye batrị ma ọ bụ batrị bụ mkpokọta sel ma ọ bụ mgbakọ cell, nwere ụlọ, njikọ eletrik, yana ikekwe eletrọnịkị maka njikwa na nchekwa.

Anode na electrodes
Maka mkpụrụ ndụ enwere ike ịgbanye, okwu anode (ma ọ bụ electrode na-adịghị mma) na-akọwapụta electrode ebe oxidation na-ewere ọnọdụ n'oge usoro nkwụsị;nke ọzọ electrode bụ cathode (ma ọ bụ nti electrode).N'oge okirikiri ụgwọ, electrode dị mma na-aghọ anode na electrode ọjọọ na-aghọ cathode.Maka ọtụtụ mkpụrụ ndụ lithium-ion, electrode lithium-oxide bụ electrode dị mma;maka titanate lithium-ion cell (LTO), lithium-oxide electrode bụ electrode na-adịghị mma.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

ndabere

Varta lithium-ion batrị, Museum Autovision, Altlussheim, Germany
Ọ bụ onye Britain chemist na onye nnata ihe nrite Nobel nke afọ 2019 maka kemistri M. Stanley Whittingham, ugbu a na Mahadum Binghamton, ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ maka Exxon na 1970s.Whittingham ji titanium (IV) sulfide na lithium metal dị ka electrodes.Agbanyeghị, batrị lithium a nwere ike ịchaji enweghị ike ịme ka ọ dị irè.Titanium disulfide bụ nhọrọ na-adịghị mma, ebe ọ bụ na a ghaghị ịmepụta ya n'okpuru ọnọdụ mkpuchi kpamkpam, ọ dịkwa oke ọnụ (~ $ 1,000 kwa kilogram maka titanium disulfide raw material na 1970s).Mgbe ekpughere ikuku, titanium disulfide na-emeghachi omume iji mepụta ogige hydrogen sulfide, nke nwere isi na-adịghị mma ma na-egbu egbu nye ọtụtụ anụmanụ.Maka nke a, na ihe ndị ọzọ, Exxon kwụsịrị mmepe nke batrị lithium-titanium disulfide nke Whittingham.[28]Batrị nwere lithium electrodes dara gosipụtara nsogbu nchekwa, ka igwe lithium ji mmiri meghachi omume, na-ahapụ hydrogen gas na-ere ọkụ.N'ihi ya, nyocha kwagara imepụta batrị nke, kama lithium dara, naanị ogige lithium dị, na-enwe ike ịnakwere na ịtọhapụ ion lithium.

Achọpụtara mgbanwe mgbanwe na graphite na ntinye n'ime cathodic oxides n'oge 1974–76 site n'aka JO Besenhard na TU Munich.Besenhard tụrụ aro itinye ya na sel lithium.Nrụpụta eletrịịt na njikọta ihe mgbaze n'ime graphite bụ nnukwu ihe ndọghachi azụ n'oge maka ndụ batrị.

Mmepe

1973 - Adam Heller tụpụtara batrị lithium thionyl chloride batrị, nke a ka na-eji na ngwaọrụ ahụike etinyere na sistemu nchekwa ebe ndụ ihe karịrị afọ 20, njupụta ike dị elu, na / ma ọ bụ nnabata maka oke okpomọkụ na-arụ ọrụ chọrọ.
1977 - Samar Basu gosipụtara intercalation electrochemical nke lithium na graphite na Mahadum Pennsylvania.Nke a butere mmepe nke lithium intercalated graphite electrode na Bell Labs (LiC6) iji nye ihe ọzọ na batrị lithium metal electrode.
1979 - Na-arụ ọrụ na otu dị iche iche, Ned A. Godshall et al., na, n'oge na-adịghị anya, John B. Goodenough (Mahadum Oxford) na Koichi Mizushima (Mahadum Tokyo), gosipụtara cell lithium na-ebugharị na voltaji na 4 V nso site na iji lithium. cobalt dioxide (LiCoO2) dị ka nti electrode na lithium metal dị ka adịghị mma electrode.Ihe ọhụrụ a wetara ihe elektrọd dị mma nke nyere batrị lithium azụmaahịa mbụ aka.LiCoO2 bụ ihe electrode kwụsiri ike nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-enye ion lithium, nke pụtara na enwere ike iji ya na ihe electrode na-adịghị mma na-abụghị metal lithium.Site n'ịkwalite iji ihe elektrọd na-adịghị mma nke kwụsiri ike ma dị mfe ijikwa, LiCoO2 nyere sistemu batrị nwere ike ịgbanye akwụkwọ akụkọ.Godshall et al.ọzọ chọpụtakwara otu uru nke ternary compound lithium-transition metal-oxides dị ka spinel LiMn2O4, Li2MnO3, LiMnO2, LiFeO2, LiFe5O8, na LiFe5O4 (na emesia lithium-ọla kọpa-oxide na lithium-nickel-oxide cathode ihe na 1985).
1980 - Rachid Yazami gosipụtara ngbanwe nke electrochemical intercalation nke lithium na graphite, wee mepụta electrode lithium graphite (anode).Ndị electrolytes organic dị n'oge ahụ ga-erepịa n'oge a na-ebufe ya na electrode ọjọọ graphite.Yazami ji igwe eletrik siri ike gosi na enwere ike ịgbanye lithium na graphite site na usoro electrochemical.Dị ka nke 2011, Yazami's graphite electrode bụ ihe a na-ejikarị na batrị lithium-ion azụmahịa.
Eletrọd na-adịghị mma sitere na PAS (ihe polyacenic semiconductive ihe) nke Tokio Yamabe chọtara ma mesịa Shjzukuni Yata chọpụtara na mmalite 1980s.Mkpụrụ nke teknụzụ a bụ nchọpụta nke polymers conductive site n'aka Prọfesọ Hideki Shirakawa na ndị otu ya, a pụkwara ịhụ ya ka ọ malitere site na batrị lithium polyacetylene nke Alan MacDiarmid na Alan J. Heeger et al.
1982 - Godshall et al.Enyere US Patent 4,340,652 maka ojiji LiCoO2 dị ka cathodes na batrị lithium, dabere na Godshall's Stanford University Ph.D.akwụkwọ edemede na akwụkwọ 1979.
1983 - Michael M. Thackeray, Peter Bruce, William David, na John Goodenough mepụtara spinel manganese dị ka ihe cathode na-akwụ ụgwọ maka azụmahịa maka batrị lithium-ion.
1985 - Akira Yoshino chịkọtara cell prototype site na iji ihe carbonaceous nke enwere ike itinye ion lithium dị ka otu electrode, na lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) dịka nke ọzọ.Nke a kwalitere nchekwa nke ukwuu.LiCoO2 nyere aka mmepụta nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ma mee ka batrị lithium-ion azụmahịa.
1989 – Arumugam Manthiram na John B. Goodenough chọpụtara polyanion klas nke cathodes.Ha gosipụtara na electrodes dị mma nwere polyanions, dịka ọmụmaatụ, sulfates, na-emepụta voltaji dị elu karịa oxides n'ihi mmetụta inductive nke polyanion.Klas polyanion a nwere ihe ndị dị ka lithium iron phosphate.

< aga n'ihu…>